Data Sources & Attribution
Last updated: June 26, 2026
Juniper aggregates data from multiple public and open-source datasets to provide comprehensive neighborhood-level insights across the United States. Below is a complete list of data sources, their providers, licenses, and attribution requirements.
U.S. Census Bureau — American Community Survey (ACS)
5-year estimates providing demographic, economic, social, and housing data at multiple geographic levels (state, county, census tract, ZCTA).
- Data Vintage:
- 2019, 2023, 2024
- License:
- Public domain (U.S. government work)
- Metrics:
- Total Population, Median Age, Population Density, Bachelor's Degree+ %, Family Households %, Kids Under 18 %, Kids Under 5 %, Families w/ Kids <5 %, Remote Work %, Young Adults 25-44 %, Married Adults %, Broadband %, Families w/ Kids %, Median Income, Owner/Renter Income Ratio, Labor Force Participation, Unemployment Rate, Owner Occupied %, Single Family %, Owners w/ Mortgage %, Same House 1yr %, Median Home Value, Median Rent, Rent as % of Income, Rent Burden 30%+, Effective Tax Rate, Rent-to-Value Ratio, Price-to-Income Ratio, FMR Premium %, Vacancy Rate, Median Property Tax, Owner Cost w/ Mortgage, Renter Occupied %, Built Pre-1940 %, Price/Rent Disparity, Estimated Median Value
U.S. Census Bureau — TIGER/Line Shapefiles
Geographic boundary files for states, counties, census tracts, and ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs), used to render map boundaries and perform spatial analysis.
- Data Vintage:
- 2019, 2023, 2024
- License:
- Public domain (U.S. government work)
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Housing affordability data — Fair Market Rents (FMR) and the USPS ZIP-to-county crosswalk used to map ZIP codes to counties.
- Data Vintage:
- FY2026 (FMR)
- License:
- Public domain (U.S. government work)
- Metrics:
- FMR Premium %, Price/Rent Disparity, Fair Market Rent (2BR)
- Source:
- huduser.gov/portal/datasets
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) — EJScreen
Environmental screening data at the census-tract level — the air-quality, traffic-exposure, and lead-paint indicators we surface.
- Data Vintage:
- 2023
- License:
- Public domain (U.S. government work; archived on Zenodo)
- Metrics:
- Air Quality Badness %ile, Traffic Proximity, Lead Paint Risk %
- Source:
- zenodo.org/records/14767363 (archived after EPA website shutdown, Feb 2025)
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) — National Risk Index
Comprehensive disaster risk assessment covering 18 natural hazard types, including composite risk scores and expected annual loss estimates.
- Data Vintage:
- 2024
- License:
- Public domain (U.S. government work)
- Metrics:
- FEMA Risk Score, EAL per $1K Building, EAL Wildfire per $1K, EAL Earthquake per $1K, EAL Hurricane per $1K, EAL Tornado per $1K, EAL Flood/Coastal per $1K, EAL Hail per $1K, EAL Heat Wave per $1K, EAL Strong Wind per $1K, Top Hazard
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) — U.S. Climate Normals
30-year (1991–2020) climate normals from NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information, matched to each area from the nearest weather station — the temperature, hot/freezing-day, precipitation, and snowfall figures we surface.
- Data Vintage:
- 1991–2020 normals
- License:
- Public domain (U.S. government work)
- Metrics:
- Avg Temperature (°F), Summer Avg High (°F), Winter Avg Low (°F), Hot Days/yr (>90°F), Freezing Days/yr (<32°F), Annual Precipitation (in), Annual Snowfall (in)
Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) — Housing Price Index
Housing price appreciation data tracking repeat-sale home price changes at the county level over multiple time periods.
- Data Vintage:
- 1975–2024
- License:
- Public domain (U.S. government work)
- Metrics:
- HPI Appreciation 1yr, HPI Growth 5yr, Recession Drop %, Pandemic Gain %
- Source:
- fhfa.gov/data/hpi
OpenStreetMap
Points of interest (POI) data used to compute amenity and lifestyle scores, including counts of restaurants, parks, transit stops, healthcare facilities, and other neighborhood amenities by geographic area.
- Data Vintage:
- 2024 (via Overpass API)
- License:
- Open Database License (ODbL) 1.0
- Metrics:
- Dining & Nightlife Score, Grocery Access Score, Recreation Score, Healthcare Score, Local Business Score
- Source:
- openstreetmap.org
Juniper — Derived Scores & Analytics
In addition to third-party data, Juniper computes proprietary scores, indices, and analytics derived from the data sources listed above. These composite metrics are the intellectual property of Juniper and are not endorsed by or affiliated with any third-party data provider.
- Examples:
- Amenity scores, housing market ratios, change-over-time metrics
- License:
- Proprietary — subject to Juniper Terms of Service
License Summary
| Source | License | Attribution Required |
|---|---|---|
| U.S. Census Bureau (ACS, TIGER) | Public domain | No (good practice) |
| HUD (FMR) | Public domain | No (good practice) |
| EPA EJScreen | Public domain | No (good practice) |
| FEMA National Risk Index | Public domain | No (good practice) |
| NOAA Climate Normals | Public domain | No (good practice) |
| FHFA Housing Price Index | Public domain | No (good practice) |
| OpenStreetMap | ODbL 1.0 | Yes (required) |
Data Accuracy Disclaimer: Data is sourced from public datasets and third-party providers and is provided for informational and research purposes only. While we apply validation checks, we do not guarantee completeness, accuracy, or timeliness. Source data may include errors, omissions, reporting delays, or outdated values. See our Terms of Service for full disclaimers. The information on this platform does not constitute professional real estate, financial, investment, legal, or tax advice.