Data Sources & Attribution

Last updated: March 14, 2026

Juniper aggregates data from multiple public and open-source datasets to provide comprehensive neighborhood-level insights across the United States. Below is a complete list of data sources, their providers, licenses, and attribution requirements.

U.S. Census Bureau — American Community Survey (ACS)

Public DomainDemographicsEconomicsHousing

5-year estimates providing demographic, economic, social, and housing data at multiple geographic levels (state, county, census tract, ZCTA).

Data Vintage:: 2019, 2023, 2024
License:: Public domain (U.S. government work)
Metrics:: Population, income, education, income stress, employment, housing value, rent, vacancy, and 40+ more
Source:: census.gov/programs-surveys/acs

U.S. Census Bureau — TIGER/Line Shapefiles

Public DomainGeography

Geographic boundary files for states, counties, census tracts, and ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs), used to render map boundaries and perform spatial analysis.

Data Vintage:: 2019, 2023, 2024
License:: Public domain (U.S. government work)
Source:: census.gov/geographies/mapping-files

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

Public DomainHousing

Housing affordability data including Fair Market Rents (FMR), income limits (50% and 80% AMI), Qualified Census Tracts (QCT), Low/Moderate Income (LMI) block group data, and USPS ZIP-to-county crosswalk files.

Data Vintage:: FY2026 (FMR and Income Limits)
License:: Public domain (U.S. government work)
Metrics:: Fair Market Rent (2BR), rent-to-FMR ratio, income limits, QCT status, LMI percentage
Source:: huduser.gov/portal/datasets

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) — EJScreen

Public DomainEnvironment

Environmental justice screening data providing environmental and demographic indicators at the census-tract level, including air quality, toxic exposure, and environmental hazard metrics.

Data Vintage:: 2023
License:: Public domain (U.S. government work; archived on Zenodo)
Metrics:: PM2.5, diesel PM, air toxics, traffic proximity, lead paint, superfund proximity, hazardous waste, water discharge
Source:: zenodo.org/records/14767363 (archived after EPA website shutdown, Feb 2025)

Note: EPA EJScreen data was last published in 2023 and may not reflect current environmental conditions. The original EPA website was shut down in February 2025; this data is preserved via Zenodo archive.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) — National Risk Index

Public DomainRisk

Comprehensive disaster risk assessment covering 18 natural hazard types, including composite risk scores, social vulnerability, community resilience, and expected annual loss estimates.

Data Vintage:: 2024
License:: Public domain (U.S. government work)
Metrics:: Overall risk score, earthquake, wildfire, flood, hurricane, tornado, and 13 more hazard types; social vulnerability; community resilience
Source:: hazards.fema.gov/nri/data-resources

Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) — Housing Price Index

Public DomainHousing

Housing price appreciation data tracking repeat-sale home price changes at the county level over multiple time periods.

Data Vintage:: 1975–2024
License:: Public domain (U.S. government work)
Metrics:: 1-year, 5-year HPI appreciation rates
Source:: fhfa.gov/data/hpi

U.S. Census Bureau — Building Permits Survey

Public DomainHousing Supply

Residential building permit data by county, used to assess housing supply trends and construction activity.

Data Vintage:: 2018–2023
License:: Public domain (U.S. government work)
Metrics:: Annual permits, permits per capita, oversupply ratio
Source:: census.gov/construction/bps

OpenStreetMap

ODbLPoints of Interest

Points of interest (POI) data used to compute amenity and lifestyle scores, including counts of restaurants, parks, transit stops, healthcare facilities, and other neighborhood amenities by geographic area.

Data Vintage:: 2024 (via Overpass API)
License:: Open Database License (ODbL) 1.0
Metrics:: Amenity counts by category (food, shopping, parks, healthcare, transit, civic, entertainment, financial)
Source:: openstreetmap.org

Required Attribution: © OpenStreetMap contributors. Data available under the Open Database License (ODbL). See openstreetmap.org/copyright for full details.

Juniper — Derived Scores & Analytics

ProprietaryComposite Metrics

In addition to third-party data, Juniper computes proprietary scores, indices, and analytics derived from the data sources listed above. These composite metrics are the intellectual property of Juniper and are not endorsed by or affiliated with any third-party data provider.

Examples:: Amenity scores, housing market ratios, change-over-time metrics
License:: Proprietary — subject to Juniper Terms of Service

License Summary

Source	License	Attribution Required
U.S. Census Bureau (ACS, TIGER, Permits)	Public domain	No (good practice)
HUD (FMR, Income Limits, QCT, LMI)	Public domain	No (good practice)
EPA EJScreen	Public domain	No (good practice)
FEMA National Risk Index	Public domain	No (good practice)
FHFA Housing Price Index	Public domain	No (good practice)
OpenStreetMap	ODbL 1.0	Yes (required)

Data Accuracy Disclaimer: Data is sourced from public datasets and third-party providers and is provided for informational and research purposes only. While we apply validation checks, we do not guarantee completeness, accuracy, or timeliness. Source data may include errors, omissions, reporting delays, or outdated values. See our Terms of Service for full disclaimers. The information on this platform does not constitute professional real estate, financial, investment, legal, or tax advice.